Step through the electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation to see how NADH and FADH₂ power ATP synthesis via chemiosmosis.
NADHinput
FADH₂input
H⁺low
ATP0
O₂input
H₂O0
Speed
Step Details
Navigate through 8 steps of the ETC and oxidative phosphorylation.
Key Concept
The proton-motive force (PMF) created by the H⁺ gradient across the inner mitochondrial membrane is the driving force for ATP synthesis. As H⁺ flows down its gradient through ATP synthase, the enzyme catalyzes ADP + Pᵢ → ATP.