1. Transcription Initiation
2. Elongation (pre-mRNA)
3. 5' Cap & Poly-A Tail
4. Intron Splicing (Mature mRNA)
Central Dogma Mechanics:
■ DNA Template:
RNA Pol II reads the 3'→5' template strand. It synthesizes RNA in the 5'→3' direction.
■ Pre-mRNA Modifications:
Before leaving the nucleus, a 5' Methyl-G Cap and 3' Poly-A Tail are added to protect against nucleases.
■ Spliceosome (snRNPs):
Removes non-coding Introns and ligates Exons together to form mature mRNA ready for translation.
■ DNA Template:
RNA Pol II reads the 3'→5' template strand. It synthesizes RNA in the 5'→3' direction.
■ Pre-mRNA Modifications:
Before leaving the nucleus, a 5' Methyl-G Cap and 3' Poly-A Tail are added to protect against nucleases.
■ Spliceosome (snRNPs):
Removes non-coding Introns and ligates Exons together to form mature mRNA ready for translation.