MACROSCOPIC VIEW
Current pH (pKₐ = 4.76): 4.76
[HA] Ratio [A⁻]
50 50
Henderson-Hasselbalch Eq:
pH = pKₐ + log([A⁻]/[HA])

Buffer Action (Neutralization):
H⁺ + A⁻ → HA
(Weak acid absorbs added acid)

OH⁻ + HA → A⁻ + H₂O
(Weak conjugate absorbs added base)
HA (Weak Acid)
A⁻ (Conjugate Base)
H⁺ (Strong Acid)
OH⁻ (Strong Base)