Ksp & Precipitation – AP Chemistry

Learning Objectives

Construct and evaluate the Solubility Product Constant (\( K_{sp} \)) expression.

Compare Ion Product (\( Q_{sp} \)) to \( K_{sp} \) to predict precipitation.

Observe molar solubility limits and saturation states dynamically.

Solubility Rules

All nitrates (\( NO_3^- \)) and alkali metals (\( Na^+ \), \( K^+ \)) are completely soluble. Modifying sparingly soluble salts involves adding these spectator ions.

Precipitation Condition

If \( Q_{sp} > K_{sp} \):

Precipitate Forms. Shifts Left.

If \( Q_{sp} < K_{sp} \):

Unsaturated. No Solid.