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Central Place Theory
AP Human Geography · Urban Models
Walter Christaller

Proposed in 1933 to explain the spatial distribution of cities across an isotropic (flat, featureless) plain.

Why Hexagons?

Circles leave gaps or overlap. Squares don't equate distance to center accurately. Hexagons nest perfectly without gaps, representing ideal market areas.

Hierarchy
  • ● City: High order goods (e.g., Cancer Hospital). Huge range/threshold. Few exist.
  • ● Town: Medium goods (e.g., High School).
  • ● Village/Hamlet: Low order goods (e.g., Gas Station, convenience store). Small range/threshold. Hundreds exist.
Tags
Human GeoUrban ModelsEconomicsChristaller
Select a Good/Service
Select a service below to visualize its Threshold (minimum customers needed) and Range (max distance people will travel).
Range (Travel Distance)
Threshold (Minimum Market)