DRIFT METRICS
Magnetic Force ($F_B$)0 N
Electric Force ($F_E$)0 N
Drift Velocity ($v_d$)0 m/s
HALL VOLTMETER ($V_H$)
0.00 mV
■ Hall Voltage Mechanics:
$V_H = \frac{I \cdot B}{n \cdot e \cdot d}$
When current $I$ flows through a conducting slab of thickness $d$ placed in a transverse magnetic field $B$, the charge carriers experience a Lorentz Force $F_B = qv_d B$.

■ Equilibrium:
They pile up on one edge, creating a transverse electric field $E$. Equilibrium is reached almost instantly when $F_E = F_B$ ($qE = qv_B B$).

This phenomenon allows us to measure external magnetic fields ($B$), or determine a material's invisible charge carrier density ($n$) and sign.