The Gilded Age (1870s–1890s) produced massive wealth inequality, political corruption, unsafe working conditions, and unregulated corporate monopolies. Progressivism was the response.
Core Belief: Progressives believed the government should actively intervene to solve social problems — a fundamental shift from laissez-faire capitalism.
AP Exam Focus (KC 7.1.I): Progressivism marked the shift from laissez-faire to government regulation. Key topics: Muckrakers → legislation (cause & effect), TR's "Square Deal," the 4 Progressive amendments (16-19), women's suffrage movement, and limitations of Progressivism (did NOT address racial inequality — Jim Crow persisted).