Functional Groups Recognition – Organic Chemistry

Priority Order (for naming)

        1. Carboxylic Acid

        2. Ester

        3. Amide

        4. Aldehyde

        5. Ketone

        6. Alcohol

        7. Amine

        8. Alkene/Alkyne

        9. Alkane (parent chain)

Polarity & Boiling Point

Higher polarity & H-bonding → Higher BP:

Carboxylic Acid > Amide > Alcohol > Amine > Aldehyde ≈ Ketone > Ester > Ether > Alkane

Hydrogen Bonding

Both donor & acceptor:
−OH, −NH₂, −COOH, −CONH₂

Acceptor only:
C=O, −O−, −COO−, −NO₂

Neither:
Alkanes, alkyl halides