Enthalpy vs Entropy (ΔG)
Explore the relationship between enthalpy (ΔH), entropy (ΔS), and Gibbs free energy (ΔG) using the equation ΔG = ΔH - TΔS. Understand how temperature affects spontaneity: exothermic reactions with increasing entropy are always spontaneous, while endothermic reactions with decreasing entropy are never spontaneous. Visualize how ΔG < 0 indicates spontaneous processes, ΔG = 0 represents equilibrium, and ΔG > 0 means non-spontaneous reactions.
Galvanic Cell Constructor
Construct custom voltaic circuits using Zn, Cu, and Ag half-cells. The simulator utilizes real Standard Reduction Potentials and applies the Nernst Equation to calculate cell potential dynamically across varying molarities.
Bomb Calorimetry Simulator
Simulate a constant-volume bomb calorimeter to compute the molar heat of combustion (ΔH_comb). Ignite different organic samples and dynamically measure the highly precise temperature rise to calculate the heat absorbed by the system.
Coffee Cup Calorimetry Lab
Virtual coffee cup calorimetry lab with interactive temperature vs time graph. Calculate q=mcΔT, determine qrxn and ΔH from experimental data. Adjustable mass, initial/final temperature, and moles of solute. Automatically classifies reactions as exothermic or endothermic with step-by-step calculation display.
Born-Haber Cycle (Lattice Energy)
Visual energy level diagram for Born-Haber thermodynamic cycles. Explore 4 ionic compounds (NaCl, KBr, MgO, CaF₂) with verified thermodynamic data for each step: sublimation, ionization energy, bond dissociation, electron affinity, and lattice energy. Apply Hess's law to calculate lattice energy.