First-Order Kinetics Decay
Photoelectron Spectroscopy (PES)
Gas Laws
Electron Configuration
Titration Curve Simulator
Reaction Mechanisms & Energy Profiles
Ideal Gas Law Simulator
Atomic Orbital Shapes
Intermolecular Forces
Ionic vs Covalent Bonding
Enthalpy vs Entropy (ΔG)
Galvanic (Voltaic) Cell
Le Chatelier's Principle
Ksp & Precipitation
Galvanic vs Electrolytic Cells
Reaction Energy Diagrams
Periodic Trends Explorer
VSEPR Molecular Geometry
Explore 3D molecular geometries for common electron-domain configurations. Rotate and inspect tetrahedral, trigonal planar, linear, octahedral, and bent structures. Understand how lone pairs distort ideal bond angles.
Mass Spectrometry
Rutherford Gold Foil Scattering
Fire a continuous stream of alpha particles at a dense lattice of Gold nuclei (Au-79). Watch how the inverse-square Coulomb law dictates violent scattering trajectories, proving that atoms are mostly empty space harboring microscopic dense positive cores.
Le Chatelier's Principle & Equilibrium
Simulates Le Chatelier's Principle allowing users to inject molecules, change volume/pressure, and shift temperature to observe real-time equilibrium shifts (N2O4 \u21CC 2NO2).
Clausius-Clapeyron Vapor Pressure Plotter
Explores the exponential relationship between temperature and vapor pressure, generating real-time linear ln(P) vs 1/T plots based on intermolecular forces.
Hess's Law Reaction Pathway Visualizer
Build an algebraic pathway for enthalpy by reversing reactions, scaling stoichiometric coefficients, and adding step energies to find the net reaction.
Maxwell-Boltzmann Distribution
Visualize how temperature and molar mass shift the kinetic energy distribution of particles, affecting the proportion that overcome the Activation Energy.