Mass Defect & Binding Energy
Weigh the separate protons and neutrons against the bound nucleus of specific isotopes. Convert the missing mass defect into nuclear strong force binding energy using E=mc².
Quantum Bohr Model
Visualize electron orbital transitions in Hydrogen-like atoms. Calculate photon emission wavelengths and generate real-time spectral lines (Lyman, Balmer, Paschen).
Entropy in Heat Engines
Visualize the 2nd Law of Thermodynamics. Build reversible Carnot engines and irreversible real engines to track the exact entropy changes in the hot reservoir, cold reservoir, and the universe.
Ohm's Law & Resistance
Carnot Cycle Explorer
Trace the ideal thermodynamic Carnot Engine. Calculate P-V diagram work area, thermodynamic efficiency, and heat transfer across isothermal and adiabatic processes.
Electric Potential & Equipotentials
Electromagnetic Induction
Wave Interference & Double-Slit
Refraction & Snell's Law
Electric Field of Point Charges
Pascal's Principle & Hydraulic Systems
Photoelectric Effect
Experiment with the quantum nature of light. Adjust wavelength, intensity, target metal, and stopping potential to verify the Einstein photoelectric equation.
Continuity Equation & Flow Rate
Thin Lens Equation Simulator
Construct dynamic ray diagrams for converging and diverging lenses. Analyze real/virtual image formation using the thin lens equation and magnification formulas.
Series & Parallel Circuits
Magnetic Field & Charged Particle
RC Circuit Charging & Discharging
Millikan Oil Drop Experiment
Recreate the 1909 Nobel-winning experiment. Adjust the voltage across two capacitor plates to suspend falling oil drops in mid-air (qE = mg). Fire the X-Ray ionizer to randomly step the charge up or down in discrete quantized increments of 'e'.
Special Relativity: Time Dilation & Length Contraction
Visualizes the counter-intuitive effects of velocity approaching the speed of light, exploring time dilation and length contraction through a moving observer frame.
Isobaric & Isochoric PV Processes
Visualize work as the area underneath a PV curve. Discover why an Isochoric process performs zero work while an Isobaric process expands or compresses.