Buoyancy & Archimedes Principle
Drop objects of different densities into fluid of adjustable density. Observe buoyant force, weight, and net force to predict whether objects sink, float, or remain neutrally buoyant — all in 3D.
Fluid Pressure & Depth
Explore how fluid pressure increases with depth according to P = P₀ + ρgh, where P₀ is atmospheric pressure, ρ is fluid density, g is gravitational acceleration, and h is depth. Understand Pascal's principle stating that pressure applied to a confined fluid is transmitted equally throughout the fluid. Visualize applications including hydraulic lifts, dam design, submarine pressure limits, and why water pressure increases as divers descend deeper underwater.
Bernoulli's Principle & Fluid Flow
Explore Bernoulli's principle stating that as fluid velocity increases, pressure decreases, derived from energy conservation in flowing fluids. Visualize the equation P + ½ρv² + ρgh = constant along a streamline. Understand applications including airplane lift (faster airflow over curved wing creates lower pressure), venturi effect in carburetors, and how the continuity equation A₁v₁ = A₂v₂ relates to Bernoulli's principle in explaining fluid behavior through varying pipe diameters.
Venturi Effect & Flow Speed
Animated Venturi tube with flowing particles. A₁v₁ = A₂v₂ continuity equation and Bernoulli pressure drop visualization with manometer tubes.
Hydraulic Lift Simulator
Pascal's Principle in action: F₁/A₁ = F₂/A₂. Visualize how a small piston force creates a much larger output force. Shows MA = A₂/A₁.
Siphon Physics Simulator
Atmospheric pressure drives fluid over barrier. Adjust source/outlet heights and tube peak. v = √(2g·Δh). Warning at 10.3m atmospheric limit.