PCR Thermal Cycling
Simulate the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique that exponentially amplifies specific DNA sequences through repeated thermal cycling. Visualize the three temperature-dependent steps: denaturation (95°C separates DNA strands), annealing (55°C allows primers to bind), and extension (72°C enables Taq polymerase to synthesize new strands). Understand how PCR enables DNA cloning, forensics, medical diagnostics, and genetic research.
ELISA Assay Simulator
Simulate the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) technique used to detect and quantify specific antigens or antibodies in biological samples. Explore the sandwich ELISA method, understand antibody-antigen binding specificity, and learn how colorimetric detection enables diagnostic applications in medicine, research, and disease screening.