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REFERENCE · 2026 EXAM

AP Physics 1 Formula Sheet

Every constant, unit, and equation you need for the AP Physics 1 exam, verified against the latest College Board CED.

KINEMATICS

v_x = v_{x0} + a_xtVelocity-time relationship
x = x_0 + v_{x0}t + \frac{1}{2}a_xt^2Position-time relationship
v_x^2 = v_{x0}^2 + 2a_x(x - x_0)Velocity-displacement relationship

DYNAMICS

\vec{a} = \frac{\sum \vec{F}}{m}Newton's Second Law
|\vec{F}_{f}| \le \mu|\vec{F}_{n}|Frictional force
a_c = \frac{v^2}{r}Centripetal acceleration

ENERGY & MOMENTUM

\Delta E = W = Fd\cos\thetaWork-Energy Theorem
K = \frac{1}{2}mv^2Kinetic energy
\Delta U_g = mghGravitational potential energy
\vec{p} = m\vec{v}Linear momentum
\vec{J} = \int \vec{F} dt = \Delta \vec{p}Impulse-Momentum Theorem

ROTATIONAL MOTION

\tau = rF\sin\thetaTorque definition
\alpha = \frac{\sum \tau}{I}Rotational Second Law
L = I\omegaAngular momentum

CONSTANTS & CONVERSIONS

g = 9.8 \text{ m/s}^2Acceleration due to gravity
G = 6.67 imes 10^{-11} ext{ N}\cdot ext{m}^2/ ext{kg}^2Universal gravitational constant