Endocrine System Signaling Pathways
Simulate hormone cell signaling. Compare lipid-soluble steroid diffusion acting as a nuclear transcription factor versus water-soluble peptide binding that triggers a massive cAMP secondary messenger cascade.
Membrane Potential & Nernst Equation
Calculate the resting membrane potential using the Goldman-Hodgkin-Katz equation. Visualize Na⁺ and K⁺ leak channels, actively tweak permeabilities, and trigger simulated action potentials.
Immune System Clonal Selection
Simulate the Lock-and-Key mechanism of the immune system. Inject various pathogen epitopes and observe how massive clonal expansion and antibody production is triggered only when a naive B-Cell matches the exact molecular geometry.
Kidney Nephron Countercurrent Multiplier
Visualize the complex osmotic gradients of the Loop of Henle. Observe how the active transport of NaCl in the ascending limb drives the passive reabsorption of H2O in the descending limb and collecting duct via ADH regulation.
Signal Transduction Pathway
Trigger an epinephrine signaling cascade spanning Reception (GPCR), Transduction (G-protein, Adenylyl Cyclase, cAMP), and Response (PKA kinase amplification).
Apoptosis Molecular Mechanism
Trigger the intrinsic (mitochondrial/cytochrome c leakage) or extrinsic pathways of programmed cell death leading to the destructive Caspase cascade and cellular blebbing.
Cell Cycle & Checkpoints
Trace the cell cycle through Interphase and Mitosis. Mutate p53 tumor suppressors to bypass checkpoints, visualizing how unregulated division leads directly to cancer.