Photoelectron Spectroscopy (PES)
Interpret photoelectron spectroscopy (PES) data to determine electron configuration and relative energies of electrons in different orbitals. Analyze PES spectra where peak position indicates binding energy (related to Coulomb's law and effective nuclear charge) and peak height represents the number of electrons. Practice identifying elements from their PES spectra and understanding how core versus valence electrons produce distinct peaks.
Mole Concept & Stoichiometry Calculator
Convert between grams, moles, and particles. Determine limiting/excess reagents with 4 preset reactions. Calculate theoretical yield and percent yield.
Isotope Notation & Average Atomic Mass
Explore isotope notation for 7 elements. See mass number, atomic number, proton/neutron counts, and calculate weighted average atomic mass from natural abundances.