Electromagnetic Induction
Explore Faraday's law of electromagnetic induction stating that changing magnetic flux through a loop induces an electromotive force (EMF) given by ε = -dΦB/dt. Understand Lenz's law: the induced current creates a magnetic field opposing the flux change. Visualize how moving magnets near coils, changing current in nearby circuits, or rotating loops in magnetic fields generate electricity. Apply these principles to generators, transformers, and induction cooktops.
Magnetic Field & Charged Particle
Visualize the motion of charged particles in magnetic fields using the Lorentz force F = qvB sin θ. Understand that magnetic force is perpendicular to both velocity and field, causing circular or helical motion. Calculate the radius of circular paths r = mv/(qB) for particles in uniform fields. Explore applications in cyclotrons, mass spectrometers, and the Aurora Borealis where Earth's magnetic field deflects charged solar wind particles toward the poles.