VSEPR Molecular Geometry
Explore 3D molecular geometries for common electron-domain configurations. Rotate and inspect tetrahedral, trigonal planar, linear, octahedral, and bent structures. Understand how lone pairs distort ideal bond angles.
Crystal Lattice Structures (FCC/BCC/HCP)
3D rotatable crystal lattice visualizer for SC/BCC/FCC/HCP unit cells. Demonstrates atom-sharing fractions (corner ×1/8, face ×1/2, body ×1), packing efficiency percentages, coordination numbers, and edge-to-radius geometric relationships interactively.
Metallic Bonding & Electron Sea Model
Animated electron sea model showing delocalized valence electrons flowing randomly through a vibrating cation lattice. Applying voltage reveals directional drift current emerging from thermal chaos, explaining metallic conductivity at the atomic level.
Resonance Structures & Formal Charge
Interactive resonance structure visualizer for CO₃²⁻, NO₃⁻, O₃, benzene, and SO₄²⁻. Displays formal charge calculations (FC = V − L − ½B), fractional bond orders, and electron delocalization across multiple equivalent resonance forms simultaneously.