AP PHYSICS 2
Entropy in Heat Engines
Visualize the 2nd Law of Thermodynamics. Build reversible Carnot engines and irreversible real engines to track the exact entropy changes in the hot reservoir, cold reservoir, and the universe.
AP PHYSICS 2
Carnot Cycle Explorer
Trace the ideal thermodynamic Carnot Engine. Calculate P-V diagram work area, thermodynamic efficiency, and heat transfer across isothermal and adiabatic processes.
AP PHYSICS 2
Isobaric & Isochoric PV Processes
Visualize work as the area underneath a PV curve. Discover why an Isochoric process performs zero work while an Isobaric process expands or compresses.